-- Last revised 03/05/24 --

Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions - Study K-600

The Commission studied the following evidence issues:

• Whether California should create an exception to the hearsay rule for a present sense impression, similar to Federal Rule of Evidence 803(1).

• Whether California should revise its approach to forfeiture by wrongdoing as an exception to the hearsay rule. A related issue is whether the definition of an "unavailable" witness should be amended to include, under certain circumstances, a witness who refuses to testify. The Commission also studied this related issue.

In February 2008, the Commission approved a final recommendation on present sense impressions and a final recommendation on forfeiture by wrongdoing.

Related Material

• Final Recommendation
• Tentative Recommendation
• Commission Decisions (Meeting Minutes)
• Staff Memoranda

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Final Recommendation

• Recommendation -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Present Sense Impression (February 2008)

• Recommendation -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Forfeiture by Wrongdoing (February 2008)

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Tentative Recommendations and Other Requests for Comment

• Tentative Rec. -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Present Sense Impressions (October 2007) -- Comments Due: 12/3/2007

• Tentative Rec. -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Forfeiture By Wrongdoing (October 2007) -- Comments Due: 12/3/2007

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Meeting Minutes

• February 14, 2008 Meeting in Sacramento
• January 17, 2008 Meeting in Sacramento
• December 13-14, 2007 Meeting in Burbank
• October 26, 2007 Meeting in Burbank
• August 24, 2007 Meeting in Burbank

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Staff Memoranda

• Memo 2010-40 -- 2010 Legislative Program: Status of Bills (10/05/2010)

• Memo 2010-13, Supp. 1 -- 2010 Legislative Program: New Developments (04/15/2010)

• Memo 2010-3 -- 2010 Legislative Program (02/18/2010)

• Memo 2008-7 -- Forfeiture by Wrongdoing (Draft Recommendation) (02/11/2008)

• Memo 2008-6, Supp. 1 -- Present Sense Impressions (Draft Recommendation) (02/11/2008)

• Memo 2008-6 -- Present Sense Impressions (Draft Recommendation) (02/6/2008)

• Memo 2008-2 -- Forfeiture by Wrongdoing (Comments on Tentative Recommendation) (01/15/2008)

• Memo 2008-1 -- Present Sense Impressions (Comments on Tentative Recommendation) (01/14/2008)

• Memo 2007-54, Supp. 1 -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Forfeiture by Wrongdoing (Initiative Measures in Preparation) (12/13/2007)

• Memo 2007-54 -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Forfeiture by Wrongdoing (Comments on Tentative Recommendation) (12/11/2007)

• Memo 2007-53 -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Present Sense Impressions (Comments on Tentative Recommendation) (12/10/2007)

• Memo 2007-41, Supp. 3 -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Forfeiture by Wrongdoing (Comments of Prof. Flanagan and Prof. Méndez) (10/26/2007)

• Memo 2007-40, Supp. 1 -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Present Sense Impressions (10/24/2007)

• Memo 2007-41, Supp. 2 -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Forfeiture by Wrongdoing (Draft of Tentative Recommendation) (10/23/2007)

• Memo 2007-40 -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Present Sense Impressions (10/18/2007)

• Memo 2007-41, Supp. 1 -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Forfeiture by Wrongdoing (Comments of Prof. Méndez and Prof. Fisher) (10/16/2007)

• Memo 2007-41 -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Forfeiture by Wrongdoing (10/10/2007)

• Memo 2007-28 -- Miscellaneous Hearsay Exceptions: Legislative Assignment (8/21/2007)

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